(P03-031-23) The Effect of Cottonseed Oil on Lipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining the effect of cottonseed oil (CSO) on markers of lipid metabolism including lipids, lipoproteins, body weight, and angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL).

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, and CAB was conducted on May 15, 2022, with no date restrictions imposed. Randomized controlled trials comparing cottonseed oil to a non-cottonseed oil comparator in any population were included. Studies that did not include the outcome of interest or had concomitant interventions were excluded. All results were exported into Rayyan-Intelligent Systematic Review for evaluation on the same day. After duplicates were removed, two authors independently conducted the title/abstract screening and full text review.

Results: With duplicates removed, 862 articles remained; 836 were removed after title and abstract screening. Full-text screening eliminated 23 of the 26 remaining articles leaving 3 eligible publications (2 trials), with a total of 58 participants. Trials lasted 5 and 56 days and provided 44% of total calories or 30% of total calories as CSO or olive oil (OO), respectively. These short-term studies suggest that CSO may improve lipids and lipoproteins and ANGPTL beyond the effects of OO. Fasting LDL-C and TG concentrations were lower after 5-days of a diet enriched with CSO compared to OO (~7.7 mg/dL and ~7.5 mg/dL lower, respectively). TC decreased from pre- to post-intervention (~12.5 mg/dL), with no difference between groups. In the 56-day trial, the CSO enriched diet elicited greater reductions from baseline in TC (~14.8 mg/dL), LDL-C (~14.0 mg/dL), non-HDL-C (~14.2 mg/dL), and apoB (~8.7 mg/dL) compared to OO. Postprandially, ANGPTL-3, -4 and -8 concentrations decreased with CSO and increased with OO intake. 

Conclusions: The limited high-quality research available suggests CSO may improve lipids and lipoproteins and impact ANGPTL activity compared to high MUFA oils. These findings could be related to the high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols in CSO.

Funding Sources: Cotton Incorporated