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Session: Nutritional Proteomics and Metabolomics (Oral 2)

(OR02-04-23) Serum Metabolite Signatures of Healthy Dietary Patterns: Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT)

Saturday, July 22, 2023
3:06 PM – 3:18 PM ET
Location:  Constitution B

    Presenting Author(s)

  • Nirupa R. Matthan, PhD (she/her/hers)

    Associate Professor/Scientist 1
    Tufts University
    Boston, Massachusetts, United States

    Disclosure(s): No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

    • Co-Author(s)

  • ED

    Ecaterina Duscova

    Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University

  • GM

    Gregory Matuszek, MS

    USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University
    Boston, Massachusetts, United States

  • CG

    Cheryl H. Gilhooly

    Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University

  • GR

    Gail T. Rogers, MA

    Tufts University
    Boston, Massachusetts, United States

  • JM

    Julia Makhson

    Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University

  • Kristina S. Petersen, PhD, APD, FAHA

    Associate Professor
    Pennsylvania State University
    University Park, Pennsylvania, United States

  • Philip A. Sapp, PhD, MS

    Postdoctoral Fellow
    The Pennsylvania State University
    New Providence, Pennsylvania, United States

  • Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD (she/her/hers)

    Evan Pugh University Professor of Nutritional Sciences
    The Pennsylvania State University
    University Park, Pennsylvania, United States

  • Joan Sabaté, MD, DrPH

    Professor of Nutrition
    Nutrition, Loma Linda University School of Public Health Center for Nutrition
    Loma Linda, California, United States

  • SR

    Sujatha Rajaram, PhD

    Loma Linda University
    Loma Linda, California, United States

  • Zhaoping Li, MD, PhD

    Professor
    Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • DR

    David M. Reboussin, PhD

    Wake Forest University School of Medicine
    Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

  • AL

    Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc (she/her/hers)

    Gershoff Professor of Nutrition Science and Policy Director, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory and Senior Scientist
    JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University
    Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Disclosure(s):
Nirupa R. Matthan, PhD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Kristina S. Petersen, PhD, APD, FAHA: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Joan Sabaté, MD, DrPH: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Zhaoping Li, MD, PhD: WiseCode Nutrition Institute: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing)
Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc: Hass avocado Board: Grant/Research Support (Terminated)
Objectives: Data on metabolite signatures of healthy dietary patterns are limited. We evaluated the cross-sectional association of baseline serum metabolite markers with 3 dietary patterns: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH], alternate Mediterranean diet [AMED] and Healthy Eating Index-2015 [HEI] using data from the Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT).

Methods: DASH, AMED and HEI diet quality scores were computed using baseline 24-hour diet recalls administered to HAT participants (N=992, mean age: 50+14 years; BMI: 33+6 kg/m2; 72% women). Archived baseline serum samples were used for untargeted metabolomics analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to relate each diet quality/food component score between Quintile 1 (low adherence) and Quintile 5 (high adherence) to each metabolite after adjusting for covariates (age, sex, BMI, physical activity, special diet, smoking history, energy intake and education).

Results: Of the 271 known metabolites, 10 were significantly associated with higher diet quality scores (DASH=3; AMED=5; HEI=2) after covariate adjustment (FDR < 0.05). All three dietary patterns were associated with 1 common metabolite, threonic acid. Metabolites unique to each pattern included 1 for DASH, 3 for AMED and 1 for HEI. Among the food components for each dietary pattern (Q5 vs. Q1), DASH Fruit scores were significantly associated with 3 metabolites, and AMED Legume scores were significantly associated with 9 metabolites. For HEI, several metabolites were significantly associated with food components including: Dairy=3, Fatty Acids=20, Saturated Fats=5, Refined Grains=1, Total Protein Foods=17, Whole Fruits=10 and Total Fruits=2. The majority of these metabolites were complex lipids (phosphatidylcholines, sphingolipids, ceramides, triglycerides), with a smaller contribution from carbohydrates, amino acids and microbially derived metabolites. There was some overlap of metabolites that reflected similar food components in each dietary pattern.

Conclusions: Our findings highlight serum metabolites associated with consuming a high-quality diet, and identify potential candidate biomarkers for DASH, AMED and HEI dietary patterns that could serve to augment the measurement of diet quality by traditional self-reported methods.

Funding Sources: Hass Avocado Board and USDA agreement No. 58-1950-4-401