(P06-035-23) Antihyperlipidemic and Prebiotic Properties of Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Ustilago maydis, Ganoderma lucidum) in Rats Fed With a High Fat-Sucrose Diet

Objectives: To study the effects derived from the consumption of edible and medicinal mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Po; Ustilago maydis, Um; Ganoderma lucidum, (Gl) on lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota in rats fed with a high fat-sucrose diet.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (42) aged 5 weeks were randomized into 6 groups (n= 7 per group): 1) Control diet (AIN-93); 2) HFD+S: HFD (45% of calories from fat, 0.25% cholesterol) and 10% saccharose in water; 3) HFD+S+At: HFD+S and atorvastatin (0.03 g/100 g body weight); 4) HFD+S+Po: HFD+S and Po (10%); 5) HFD+S+Um: HFD+S and Um (10%); and 6) HFD+S+Gl: HFD+S and Gl (10%). The study lasted for 6 months. We performed analysis of serum parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, Ldl-c, lipopolysaccharides), liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, liver histological analysis, and Western blot of liver proteins related to lipid metabolism (Ldl-c, HMGCoAr, Abgc5, Nrf2) and ileum proteins (TLR4, Occludin, Fgf15). The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Permit number: FNU-1937-19/19-1.

Results: The consumption of edible and medicinal mushrooms significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, Ldl-c, and lipopolysaccharides compared to the HFD+S diet group. In the liver, we observed that the consumption of Po, Um, and Gl increased (p < 0.001) the expression of Ldl-r, abcg5, and Nrf2 proteins, while TLR4 decreased significantly. In the ileum, the consumption of mushrooms also decreased the expression of the TLR4 protein, while Fgf15 and Occludin increased in comparison with the HFD+S diet and HFD+S+At diet groups (p < 0.001). A prebiotic effect of mushrooms on the gut microbiota was observed as the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacullis reuteri, and Coprococus eutactus increased. A negative correlation between these species and lipid levels in liver and serum was recorded.

Conclusions: Edible and medicinal mushrooms reduced metabolic alterations derived from the obesity model studied, including dyslipidemia and dysbiosis, key events in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Funding Sources: Research work supported by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT; www.conacyt.mx) in Mexico, through the Research Projects Cátedras 105 and FORDECYT-273647.