(P14-097-23) Diet Quality With Serum Lipidomic Profiles in Two Cohorts

Objectives: We hypothesize that diet quality will be associated with serum lipidomic profiles.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternate HEI-2010 (AHEI-2010), and alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED) diet quality indices with lipidomic profiles in two nested case-control studies within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO, n=627) and the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC, n=711). The indices were calculated from baseline (PLCO:1993-2001, ATBC:1985-1988) food frequency questionnaires. We performed multivariable linear regression analyses to explore associations of the indices with serum concentrations of 904 lipid species / 252 fatty acids (FA) across 15 lipid classes and 28 total FAs within each cohort separately. For lipids significant at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold in both cohorts, the effect size estimates across cohorts were meta-analyzed using fixed effect.

Results: Adherence to HEI-2015, AHEI-2010 or aMED was associated positively with 31, 41, and 54 lipid species and 8, 6 and 10 class-specific FAs and inversely with 2, 8 and 34 lipid species and 1, 3 and 5 class-specific FAs, respectively. A total of 25 lipid species and 5 class-specific FAs were related to all indices, predominantly triacylglycerols (TAG) of ≥54 carbons, FA22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA])-containing species, and class-specific DHA. All indices were positively associated with total DHA. AHEI-2010 and aMED was inversely associated with total FA18:1 (oleic acid) and total FA17:0 (margaric acid), respectively. The identified lipids were most strongly associated with the index components seafood & plant proteins and unsaturated-to-saturated fats ratio (HEI-2015), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus DHA (AHEI-2010), and fish and monounsaturated-to-saturated fats ratio (aMED).

Conclusions: A higher diet quality as determined by HEI-2015, AHEI-2010 and aMED is associated with serum lipidomic profiles, particularly higher TAG species of ≥54 carbons, DHA-containing lipid species, and total and class-specific DHA, which are most strongly related to seafood or fish, EPA plus DHA, and fats ratio index components.

Funding Sources: Intramural Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health