(P17-001-23) Determinants and Consequences of Food Insecurity Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review

Objectives: Food insecurity remains a challenge worldwide especially in low- and middle-income countries. Globally, women tend to experience higher food insecurity compared to men. Several studies have highlighted the prevalence of food insecurity at the household level in Sub-Saharan Africa, but few have explored the prevalence at the individual level, especially among women. Describing the prevalence of food insecurity, its determinants and health implications among women, including women of reproductive age (WRA) in SSA, is crucial to mitigate both the experience and negative impacts of food insecurity especially related to pregnancy and birth outcomes. This narrative review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the prevalence, determinants, and health consequences of food insecurity among women, including WRA in SSA.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using EBSCO, Agricola, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Peer-reviewed articles were included in the review if they fit the following inclusion criteria: published in English language between 2010 and 2023, located in SSA, included data on the prevalence, predictors, or consequences of food insecurity among women, including WRA.

Results: Thirty-five articles from eleven countries in SSA fit our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity among women ranged from 26% to 68%, 30% to 53%, and 14% to 28% respectively. Women tended to experience higher rates of mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity compared to men. Women in rural areas were more likely to experience food insecurity compared to urban settings. Poverty, limited access to resources, unfavorable gender norms within the household and in the society were determinants associated with food insecurity among women. In contrast, women’s empowerment, measured in terms of access to and control over resources, control of income, and work time has been associated with improved food security both for the women and their households. Poor nutritional status, maternal stress, and poor mental health outcomes were health consequences of food insecurity among women in this region.

Conclusions: Food insecurity is prevalent among women in SSA. Interventions in this region should aim to address the determinants to improve the food security and health of women, especially WRA.

Funding Sources: None