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Topical Area: COVID-19 and Nutrition

COVID-19 and Nutrition (Poster Session)

(P12-026-23) Associations Between Temporal Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Patterns and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Among US Blood Donors

Sunday, July 23, 2023
12:45 PM – 1:45 PM ET
Location: Poster Board 298
Objectives: Our objective was to investigate associations between temporal blood pressure (BP) and total cholesterol patterns and incident severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine breakthrough infection (VBI).

Methods: This prospective cohort of blood donors had SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline. Blood samples were assayed for binding antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein antibody seropositivity, which defined incident VBI. We categorized participants into subgroups by intraindividual patterns of BP and total cholesterol (persistently, intermittently, or not elevated [systolic BP < 130 mm Hg, diastolic BP < 80 mm Hg, total cholesterol < 200 mg/dL]) across study timepoints.

Results: Among 13,930 donors with 39,736 donations representing 1,127,071 person-days, there were 221 incident SARS-CoV-2 VBIs (1.6%). Higher peak systolic and diastolic BP were associated with higher incident VBI risk (both p< 0.01), based on two multivariable proportional hazards regressions. Intermittent hypertension was associated with greater odds of VBI (aOR 2.30 [95% CI 1.60, 3.30]; p< 0.01), relative to participants with consistent normotension, based on a multivariable logistic regression. Among men, intermittently elevated total cholesterol (aOR 2.13 [95% CI 1.48, 3.08]; p< 0.01) and higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline (aHR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01, 1.07]; p=0.01) were associated with greater VBI probability; these associations were null among women (both p >0.05).

Conclusions: Higher peak BP and intermittent hypertension among all participants, as well as higher baseline BMI and intermittently elevated total cholesterol among men, were associated with greater SARS-CoV-2 VBI likelihood. Findings underscore the importance of consistent cardiometabolic health maintenance.

Funding Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention