(P14-011-23) Testing the Agreement of the EAT-Lancet Diet and Dietary Intakes From Two Databased: Global Dietary Database and Global Burden of Disease Database

Objectives: Planetary-based diet has become a popular discussion topic, supported by the growing evidence of reduced obesity, type 2 diabetes, and LDL associated with diets that emphasize a greater proportion of consuming whole grains (WG), fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes, and thus optimize both human health and environmental sustainability. We compared the EAT-Lancet diet (EAT) with the intakes of 13 dietary factors for 169 countries reported by both Global Dietary Database (GDD) and the Global Burden Disease (GBD), the two most detailed global dietary databases.

Methods: We harmonized two databases based on country, year, intake units, daily calories, and age, and generalized a country-year-specific intake for adults (25+ year old) in 2018 for each of the dietary factors (fruits, vegetables, red meat, processed meat, WG, legumes and beans, nuts and seeds, dairy, sugar-sweetened beverages, fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, and sodium). We examined the similarities of the final intakes between GDD and GBD using descriptive analysis, non-parametric Spearman correlation, and skewness and kurtosis of L-moments. For each dietary factor, we created scatter plots and Bland-Altman plots in original and log-transformed scales with adding EAT as reference lines. We calculated the number of countries that met the thresholds and their average intakes for each database.

Results: In 2018, 76 (45%) countries and 75 (44%) countries met the recommended intake of fruits (100-300 grams/day (g/d)) in GDD and GBD (105.1±53.6 vs 91.83±52.1 g/d, p< 0.0001), respectively; and only 44 (26%) counties meet the criteria in both databases. For red meat, 61 (36%) countries and 114 (67%) countries meet EAT (0-28 g/d) in GDD and GBD (50.9±38.2 vs 23.3±17.9 g/d, p< 0.0001), respectively. Among these countries, 59 (35%) counties (of which 42 are low-income countries) fit the range in both databases. None of the 169 countries meet the recommended nuts and seeds intake (50 g/d) in GDD and GBD (7.4 ± 9.3 and 2.2 ± 2.5 g/d, respectively). Also, neither meets the criteria for WG (232 g/d) in both datasets (44.1 ± 35.4 and 24.4 ± 16.8 g/d, respectively).

Conclusions: Moderate agreements across two global databases provide evidence of the relative consistency in several intake estimates, yet large gaps exist in the current intakes and a sustainable dietary pattern at the global level.

Funding Sources: None