(P14-059-23) Dietary Patterns Associated With Migraine Risk: A Matched Case-Control Study

Objectives: Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and the odds of migraine. We aimed to investigate the association between posteriori dietary patterns by principal component analysis (PCA) and migraine odds and migraine-related outcomes.

Methods: A total of 500 participants enrolled in this age and sex-matched case-control study. The study was conducted in the headache clinic of Sina hospital, Tehran, Iran, between April 2021 and May 2022. Subjects in the case group were migraine patients who were diagnosed by a neurologist (N=250). Subjects in the control group recruited from the outpatient clinic consisted of healthy individuals (N=250) without any diseases that are known to be related to diet. Dietary intake was assessed using 168 items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Extraction of dietary patterns was performed via PCA.

Results: Two major dietary patterns were extracted by PCA: “Western diet” and “prudent diet”. Western diet was characterized by high intakes of sweets, processed meat, fast food/ snacks, soft drink, fruit juice, organ meat, high-fat dairy, and refined grains. While the Prudent diet had a high intake of vegetables, fruits, low-fat dairy, cheese, legumes, and fish. Those who were in the highest quartile of prudent diet had the lowest odds of migraine in the fully adjusted model (OR=0.10, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.21). Additionally, higher adherence to the Western diet was positively associated with migraine odds and this association remained significant and increased in the top quartile (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 1.70, 7.06). Among migraine sufferers, those who had the highest score of the Western diet had significantly higher attack frequency compared to the patients in the first quartile (15.4±8.9 vs. 12.3±8.6, P= 0.004). However, no significant difference was detected between the quartiles of either the prudent diet or the Western diet regarding the severity and duration of attacks.

Conclusions: The finding of a significant association between two extracted dietary patterns and migraine odds highlights the possible role of diet in both the prevention and stimulation of migraine.

Funding Sources: This research was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in Tehran, Iran.