Objectives: The found prevalence of 61.1% metabolic syndrome(MetS), 59.2% non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 39% obesity(ob), 37.8% hypertriglyceridemic –waist (TG+WC), 32.1% high plasma atherosclerosis index (PAI > 0.21), 31.4% high-risk of Framingham Score (FS >20%) for CHD, 17.2% T2D(glycemia >_126mg/dL), 10.3% low-muscle mass(MMI< P10) and 0.6% of high hepatic fibrosis index (HFI >0.676), was connected with lifestyle behavior. To investigate the roles of dietary inadequacy on stress mechanisms underlying the lipodistrophy(LD) course to CHD risk.
Methods: Baseline data of 1,171 participants from the cohort study “Move for Health” (2005 to 2019) were used, including clinical, dietary (HEI-health eating index) along with body composition (WC, BMI and MMI) and plasma biochemistry. Metabolic stresses were defined as inflammation (hs-CRP >0.3mg/dL),oxidative stress (OxS=MDA >p75=0.75umol/L), and insulin resistance((HOMA-IR >3.5). Statistics were for p=0.05.
Results: Abnormal plasma markers allowed definitions of metabolic abnormalities as lipotoxicity-LT(WC, ob,TG+WC, NAFLD and high-PAI) glucotoxicity-GT (T2D) and gluco-lipotoxicity-GLT (MetS, high-HFI and high-FS). Inflammation prevailed in LD(ob, MetS, NAFLD) whereas, GLT states were more related to LMM. Dietary inadequacy (HEI < 100 points) was referred by 91.9% of the sample along with 53.9% of CHO/Fiber diet >19 and 40.3% of Na/K >1.0. Among stress markers, only inflammation showed association with bad diet (1.47X HEI, 1.94X CHO/Fiber and 10.2X Na/K). Low HEI affected more LD than sarcopenia, consequently, low HEI did not influenced the GLT states of HFI (6.5%), higher–risk PAI (5.9%) or CAD-high risk (5.4%). Differently, high Na/K intake was associated with blood-hypertension (+52.1%), high-risk PAI (57.3%) and high-risk CHD (59.7%) whereas high CHO/Fiber was also with PAI (+44.5%) and CHD (+44.7%), beyond T2D (+46.1%). Regarding oxidative-stress imbalance, obesity stood at the lower and LMM topped the ranking, for pro-oxidant and for anti-oxidant markers. LMM increased only 6% in the presence of inadequate diet (HEI < 100 points) and high-Na/K intake.
Conclusions: Dietary inadequacy was connected with lipodystrophy-inflammatory stress, while highly-processed diet, was specifically linked to gluco-lipotocicity states affecting muscle, liver and vessels.
