(P28-007-23) Simulated Effects of 2003 – 2018 NHANES Dietary Data for Adults on Reported Body Mass With Apparent Corrections to Reported Energy Intake

Objectives: The obesity epidemic has numerous suggested causes. An area of interest concerns the validity of survey dietary intake data used to assess how the composition of diet can lead to changes in body composition. We examined the role that changes in diet macronutrient composition amounts had in contributing to the observed changes in body mass between 2003 and 2018 and the accuracy of reported energy intake survey data.

Methods: Using a previously validated physiologically based mathematical model which simulated the effect of dietary macronutrient composition amounts on body weight and composition changes in sedentary men and women, we simulated body mass changes from 2003 through 2018 based on corresponding dietary macronutrient composition and energy values reported from NHANES. These simulated values were compared against corresponding survey body mass data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to determine the magnitude of difference between reported and simulated body mass. We further adjusted dietary energy intake in simulations to yield body mass values that matched CDC reported values and compared differences in reported and apparent energy intake values.

Results: Using the NHANES 2003-2018 survey diet intake and comparing to corresponding survey body mass data, simulated body weight was generally overpredicted for men with values that ranged from -5.8 to 2.2 kg, while universally underpredicted for women, with values that ranged from -12.8 to -9.4 kg. Simulating the apparent energy intake required to match reported body mass values led to differences in reported and apparent daily energy intakes for men and women that ranged from -123 to 140, and -258 to -373 kcal/day, respectively.

Conclusions: Using the NHANES 2003-2018 survey diet intake and comparing to corresponding survey body mass data, simulated body weight was generally overpredicted for men with values that ranged from -5.8 to 2.2 kg, while universally underpredicted for women, with values that ranged from -12.8 to -9.4 kg. Simulating the apparent energy intake required to match reported body mass values led to differences in reported and apparent daily energy intakes for men and women that ranged from -123 to 140, and -258 to -373 kcal/day, respectively.

Funding Sources: None